فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 81، زمستان 1401)

Job issues are one of the most important causes of stress. The aim of this study was to design and validate the occupational stress management training for navy personnels.

The present study was a combination of grounded theory and modeling. In the qualitative stage, the statistical population included all industrial-organizational and occupational specialists, senior staff, and headquarters staff that 22 people were selected by purposive sampling. The data collection tool at this stage included interviews. Also, in the quantitative stage, the statistical population included the staff of navy and the headquarters of the navy, who were selected by available sampling method of 300 people, and the data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software, and the model fit was examined. To construct the training program, 12 experts were selected from among the statistical population of the qualitative stage.

The research findings in the qualitative stage showed that 114 concepts were extracted and 23 components were obtained and classified into six main dimensions including causal factors, main category, underlying factors, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences. The modeling results showed that the model has a good fit and explained 60% of the variance of job stress. Also, taking into account the results of the previous stages, the occupational stress management package (initial package) was developed. This package was adjusted in 12 2-hour sessions, and its face and content validity (lawshe) was calculated and confirmed.

The training program designed in this study can be used to manage the occupational stress in navy personnels.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common foodborne pathogens, which is far more isolated from hospital foods and plays a key role in food poisoning. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from the foods of patients’ gavage samples and to determine their antibiotic resistance patterns in a military hospital in Tehran.

Totally, 122 samples of gavage used in this study were formulated and collected in the special room under the supervision of nutrition and diet experts every three hours. To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, the gavage samples were evaluated in the pathobiology laboratory of the hospital using microbial culture and biochemical tests. Then, the method of disk placement in Müller-Hinton agar medium was used to evaluate antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolated microorganisms.

Among the 122 samples, 20 (16.39%.) were infected by Staphylococcus aureus. The isolated microorganisms were resistant to bacitracin (100%), coamoxiclav (60%), cefoxitin (45%), ampicillin (35%), erythromycin (20%), amikacin (20%), and tetracycline (15%), respectively.

The results of this study represent the contamination of the gavage samples in this medical center with Staphylococcus aureus strains as well as the presence of antibiotic resistance in the isolated microorganisms, which can be considered as a threat to the health of patients admitted to the special care department.

Due to the high prevalence of obesity and fatty liver disease caused by obesity, it is necessary to find an effective and useful solution. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of 12 weeks of TRX training on fatty liver enzymes in obese and overweight female.

Totally, 30 overweight and obese female (BMI=33.24±4.7) who had no history of exercise or certain diseases were selected as a purposive sampling. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups of TRX training (n=15) and control (n=15). The training protocol included resistance training in the form of TRX suspension training, which was performed three days a week on non-consecutive days for 12 weeks, and each session lasted 60 minutes. Body weight, height and levels of liver function tests (LFTs) along with hepatic steatosis index (HSI) were measured 48 hours before and after the training period.

It was found that body weight (p=0.001) and BMI (p=0.001) in the exercise group decreased significantly compared to the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the serum levels of LFTs as well as HSI.

It seems that although TRX resistance training for 12 weeks has a beneficial effect on improving body weight and BMI, this training intervention has no effect on LFTs and HSI in overweight and obese women.

Cancer is impressive on different aspects of life,  including mental health. The present research aimed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy  (CBT) and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on self-compassion in cancer patients.

An experimental study with pre-test/post-test and with control group was designed. Among women with cancer in Gorgan city in 2020, 30 people were selected and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental and one control groups). Neff's self-compassion scale was used in the pre-test and post-test to collect data. The intervention of ISTDP and CBT was conducted in 11 sessions of 90 minutes over two month. The control group remained on the waiting list. Data analysis was performed by covariance statistical analysis.

According to the findings ISTDP and CBT have a significant effect on self-compassion in cancer patient (p<0.01). However, no significant difference was found in the effectiveness between ISTDP and CBT

Based on the results, ISTDP and CBT increase the self-compassion in cancer patients. Nevertheless, there is not significant diffrence between the effectiveness of these two treatments.

Decision-making styles in adolescence are of particular importance and can be influenced by the cognitive regulation of emotion and socioeconomic status. The present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between socio-economic status and decision-making styles.

This descriptive-correlational study was a structural equation modeling. A total of 723 secondary school students in Tehran , in the academic year 2020-2021, were selected by random cluster sampling method. They answered online the general decision-making scale (Scott & Bruce, 1995), socio-economic status questionnaire, and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2007). Structural equation modeling method with AMOS and Pearson correlation statistical method with SPSS were used for data analysis.

The adaptive regulation of emotion had a positive correlation with the rational decision-making style and a negative correlation with the intuitive, dependent, avoidant and, spontaneous decision-making styles (p<0.01). The decision-making styles of dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous had a negative correlation with economic status (p<0.01). Also, the cognitive regulation of emotion had a mediating role in the relationship between socio-economic status and decision-making styles (p<0.01). Indirect effect of socio-economic status on spontaneous (β=-0.05), avoidance (β=-0.04), dependency (β=-0.03), and rational styles (β=-0.02) were significant (p<0.001). The fit indices also sohwed the proper fit of the model.

Based on the results of this study, programs can be designed to strengthen teenagers’ cognitive regulation of emotion and to improve their mentality about their socio-economic status in order to make their decisions.

Various psychological factors often threaten the psychological well-being of people with multiple sclerosis, and it is important to study the psychosocial status of these patients. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of experimental avoidance in the relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being in patients with MS.

This was a descriptive-correlation study. The sample size included 220 people with MS living in Tehran in 2020 who were selected by available sampling method. To collect data, Short-form Ryff Psychological Well-Being (PWBS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) were used. Finally, data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation and structural equation model.

The self-compassion had a significant positive correlation with psychological well-being (r=0.66, p<0.01) and a significant negative correlation with experimental avoidance (r=-0.72, p<0.01). Also, experimental avoidance had a significant negative correlation with psychological well-being (r=-0.65, p<0.01). The results of the indirect effect showed that self-compassion can significantly predict psychological well-being through the mediation of experimental avoidance (β=0.35; p<0.001).

According to the research findings, it can be acknowledged that experiential avoidance and self-compassion have an important role and influence on the psychological well-being of people with MS. Based on this, it can be concluded that by increasing psychological flexibility (reducing experimental avoidance), psychological well-being can be improved to some extent.

One of the duties of nurses is to observe the patients’ rights, which are the expectations that patients have from medical services. The aim of this study was to review previous studies about the level of awareness and observation the patient rights from the perspective of patients and nurses.

In a review study the inclusion criteria of the articles were the relationship of the articles with the patient’s bill of rights, using keywords such as “Patient’s rights”, “Patient’s bill/charter of right”, “Attitude”, “Awareness”, “Nurse”, and “Iran” in the title of the article, and conducting a study specifically on nurses and patients hospitalized in the period of 1998 to 2018 in internal and external databases including SID, Iran medex, Magiran, Irandoc, pubmed, and Google scholar search engine.

The results showed that the observation of patients’ rights by nurses was not at a desired level. In some studies, better patient's rights were respected in nurses with more work experience or in patients with higher educational level.

Based on the results, medical service providers should have excellent level of respect for patients’ rights with providing information to patients and their right to choose and to make decisions, because more awareness and more respect for patients' rights will lead to an increase in the quality of care and an improvement in the relations between the patient and the treatment staff as well as a decrease in the number of  patients' complaints.

Nowadays, the Covid-19 has increasingly affected the health and economy of different societies. Therefore, it is important to identify approaches to deal with this disease by scientific methods and to support these approaches by people and governors. Thus, the present study tries to identify and prioritize the approaches to deal with the Covid-19 outbreak by statistical methods and novel operation research.

The present study is a descriptive survey. In the first step, 46 approaches of dealing with the Covid-19 outbreak were classified into two groups of individual and government factors by reviewing and analyzing the previous studies. Then, with the help of experts and specialists, the proposed components were validated and qualified. In the final step, the selected approaches were prioritized and analyzed with the help of Best-Worst Method.

The final results is emphasized on the high impact of some individual factors such as “timely vaccination, to observe the social distancing, and timely attendance at medical centers” as well as some govermental factors such as “speed in providing and implementing the national vaccination program, extensive screening, inexpensive and easy corona testing, and providing medicine, equipment and manpower for medical centers” for dealing with the Covid-19 outbreak.

Observance of individual considerations and correct policies  of governmental factors, with the priorities mentioned in this study, can have a great impact on dealing dealing with the Covid-19 outbreak.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the chronic and debilitating neurological disorders in which patients have low sense of security and low self-efficacy due to physical disabilities. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and process model of emotion regulation on the self-efficacy of patients with MS.

The present study was a quasi-experimental type with pretest-posttest design and follow-up. Twenty patients (with medical records in the Tehran MS Association in 2020) were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The training groups underwent CBT or process model of emotion regulation for three months, but the control group was placed on a waiting list. Self-efficacy was measured by Sherer's Self-Efficacy Scale before, after, and three months after the intervention. At the end, the data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that two methods of CBT and process model of emotion regulation increased the patients' self-efficacy (p<0.01). Tukey post hoc test showed that process model of emotion regulation had a higher mean compared to CBT in both post-test and follow-up stages, which was not significant at 95% confidence level.

It can be concluded that both CBT and process model of emotion regulation are effective in improving the self-efficacy of patients with MS, and both approaches can be used to reduce the psychological problems in such patients.